As is well documented, there are many approaches to providing a learner support system in open and distance education. The ways in which this support is provided will vary considerably depending on a wide range of factors. This paper, prepared by the International Research Foundation for Open Learning (IRFOL) for the Commonwealth of Learning (COL) , reflects on the existing approaches to learner support, with a particular focus on lower income countries, and gives examples of how such support is provided in a wide range of circumstances. It does not try to identify ideal models but rather provides a range of principles on which learner support systems may be based and gives some examples of how these systems have been developed in a number of institutions.
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